Camera Shots
A camera shot is the amount of space that is seen in one shot or
frame. They demonstrate different aspects of a
film's setting, characters and themes. As a result, camera shots are
very important in shaping meaning in a film.
An
extreme long shot contains a large amount of landscape. It is often used at the beginning of a scene or a film to
establish general location (setting). This is also known as an establishing shot.
A
long shot contains
landscape but gives the viewer a more
specific idea of setting. A long
shot may show the viewers the building where the action will take place.
A
full shot contains a
complete view of the characters.
From this shot, viewers can take in the costumes of characters and may
also help to demonstrate the relationships between characters. For more
information on costumes and acting refer to Chapter 4.
A
mid shot contains the characters or a
character from the waist up.
From this shot, viewers can see the characters' faces more clearly as
well as their interaction with other characters. This is also known as a
social shot
A
close-up contains just
one character's face.
This enables viewers to understand the actor's emotions and also allows
them to feel empathy for the character. This is also known as a
personal shot.
An
extreme close-up contains one
part of a character's face
or other object. This technique is quite common in horror films,
particularly the example above. This type of shot creates an intense
mood and provides interaction between the audience and the viewer.
When analysing a film you should always think about the different
camera shots and why they are being used. The next time that you are at
the cinema or watching television see what camera shots are being used.
Camera angles
It is important that you do not confuse camera angles and camera
shots. Camera shots are used to demonstrate different aspects of
setting, themes and characters. Camera angles are used to position the
viewer so that they can understand the relationships between the
characters. These are very important for shaping meaning in film as well
as in other visual texts.
The following examples will help you to understand the differences between the different camera angles
A
bird's eye angle is an angle that looks
directly down upon a scene. This angle is often used as an establishing angle, along with an extreme long shot, to establish setting.
A
high angle is a camera angle that
looks down upon a subject.
A character shot with a high angle will look vulnerable or small. These
angles are often used to demonstrate to the audience a perspective of a
particular character. The example above demonstrates to us the
perspective or point of view of a vampire. As a viewer we can understand
that the vampire feels powerful.
An
eye-level angle puts the audience on
an equal footing with the character/s. This is the most commonly used angle in most films as it allows the viewers to feel comfortable with the characters.
A
low angle is a camera angle that
looks up at a character.
This is the opposite of a high angle and makes a character look more
powerful. This can make the audience feel vulnerable and small by
looking up at the character. This can help the responder feel empathy if
they are viewing the frame from another character's point of view.
As with camera shots, you will be able to see many examples of camera
angles in any film or visual text that you view. The next time that you
watch television or see a film, take note of the camera angles and
think of how they affect your perception (idea) of different characters.
Another camera angle that you might come across is a Dutch angle.
A
Dutch angle is used to demonstrate the
confusion of a character. The example above should disorientate you.
A close-up contains just one character's face.
This enables viewers to understand the actor's emotions and also allows
them to feel empathy for the character. This is also known as a
personal shot.
An extreme close-up contains one part of a character's face
or other object. This technique is quite common in horror films,
particularly the example above. This type of shot creates an intense
mood and provides interaction between the audience and the viewer.
A high angle is a camera angle that looks down upon a subject.
A character shot with a high angle will look vulnerable or small. These
angles are often used to demonstrate to the audience a perspective of a
particular character. The example above demonstrates to us the
perspective or point of view of a vampire. As a viewer we can understand
that the vampire feels powerful.
A Dutch angle is used to demonstrate the confusion of a character. The example above should disorientate you.
